预先用氟比洛芬酯于妇科术后镇痛的临床观察

目的观察比较术前预先应用氟比洛芬酯联合硬膜外吗啡、术后应用及单纯吗啡术后硬膜外镇痛在妇科手术术后的镇痛效果。方法将90例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级的妇科手术患者随机分为3组,Ⅰ组术前10min注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg,手术结束时注入吗啡1.5 mg;Ⅱ组手术结束时注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg,吗啡1.5 mg;Ⅲ组手术结束时注入吗啡2mg.记录术中数据,用统计学方法分析处理。结果 VAS评分术后4h内Ⅱ组高于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义;不良反应发生率Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著少于Ⅲ组,差异有统计学意义;镇痛效果Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比差异有统计学意义。结论氟比洛芬酯联合硬膜外吗啡预先应用,镇痛效果更佳,可填补因硬膜外吗啡起效较慢导致的术后镇痛空白期。     

规范化分娩镇痛在分娩中的临床应用

目的:通过对产程中的镇痛效果及对母婴结局影响的观察,探讨分娩镇痛的必要性。方法:选择接受分娩镇痛的100例产妇为试验组,未接受分娩镇痛的100例为对照组。采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)评价两组活跃期和第二产程的疼痛感受及两组的产程、分娩方式、新生儿窒息、产后出血、尿潴留的发生情况。结果:试验组活跃期和第二产程的VAS与对照组相比明显低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组与对照组相比无产程延长、新生儿窒息等(P>0.05);产后出血、产后尿潴留的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组的顺产率提高,剖宫产率下降,两组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:分娩镇痛能有效减轻分娩疼痛,安全有效,对产程、母婴结局无不良影响,且能有效地降低剖宫产率。     

连续硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛法应用于经产妇的临床分析

目的:探讨连续硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛法的镇痛效果和对产程、母婴的影响以及经产妇有无必要采用镇痛分娩。方法:选择自愿要求分娩镇痛无禁忌证的足月经产妇80例作为观察组(A组),给予连续硬膜外分娩镇痛;同期要求分娩镇痛无禁忌证的足月初产妇80例作为对照1组(B组),同样给予连续硬膜外分娩镇痛;另设同期未行分娩镇痛的足月经产妇80例作为对照2组(C组),观察产妇生命体征、胎心,记录第一、二、三产程时间,疼痛的视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、Bromage评分、分娩方式、缩宫素使用率、新生儿Apgar评分、产妇出血量等。结果:连续硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛方法效果确切有效,A组与B组相比VAS评分差异无统计学意义,与C组相比差异有统计学意义,PA-C<0.01;A组产程快于C组,C组快于B组,经统计学分析,A组和C组第一产程活跃期和第二产程差异有统计学意义,PA-C<0.05,A、C两组与B组相比差异均有统计学意义,PA-B<0.05、PC-B<0.05;3组阴道手术产率和剖宫产率比较,差异无统计学意义;3组的Bromage评分比较,差异无统计学意义;A组和B组的缩宫素使用率高于C组,差异有统计学意义,PA-C<0.05、PB-C<0.05,A、B两组之间相比,B组较高,但差异无统计学意义;3组出血量差异无统计学意义;3组的新生儿Apgar评分相比,差异无统计学意义;结论:连续硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛法安全有效,且运动阻滞轻,用药量少,适用于初产妇,同样也适用于经产妇,经产妇亦应根据情况和需要采用分娩镇痛。     

小剂量氯胺酮对下肢骨折术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果的影响

目的观察小剂量氯胺酮对下肢骨折术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）效果的影响和不良反应。方法将58例急诊下肢骨折病人随机分入氯胺酮复合芬太尼组（KF组）和芬太尼组（F组）,每组29例。术后行PCIA：负荷剂量（0.1ml/kg）＋持续背景剂量（2 ml/h）＋自控镇痛（PCA）（2 ml/次）,锁定时间15 min。镇痛泵配方：KF组,氯胺酮3 mg/kg＋芬太尼20μg/kg＋氟哌利多5 mg;F组,芬太尼20μg/kg＋氟哌利多5 mg。均用0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释至100 ml。记录镇痛期间患者循环、呼吸情况;术后8、12、24、48 h进行视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、镇静评分、PCA按压次数、镇痛满意度、48h内恶心、皮肤搔痒、精神症状的发生率。结果镇痛期间两组患者循环、呼吸稳定,组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后4、8、12、24、48 h KF组VAS评分、PCA按压次数均低于F组,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组间镇静评分无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;KF组镇痛满意度优于F组（P〈0.05）;48 h内总体不良反应发生率,两组间比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论小剂量氯胺酮能增强下肢骨折病人术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛的效果,增加镇痛满意度,不增加不良反应。     

椎管内硬脊膜外海绵状血管瘤的诊治

目的总结单纯椎管内硬脊膜外海绵状血管瘤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析2006年2月至2009年3月经病理证实的7例单纯椎管内硬脊膜外海绵状血管瘤患者的临床表现、MRI特征和手术结果。结果 7例均表现为慢性双下肢麻木及无力,1例伴有神经根性症状;脊柱MRI显示6例病变位于胸椎,1例位于颈胸交界区;所有病变均达到手术全切,术后所有患者神经功能症状明显改善。结论单纯椎管内硬脊膜外海绵状血管瘤临床少见;主要表现为脊髓及神经根慢性受压而出现神经功能缺损症状及体征;脊柱MRI示病变位于硬脊膜外脊髓背侧或一侧,且有经相应椎间孔向外生长的趋势;手术切除病变较为容易,术后患者神经功能改善明显。     

Intracranial arachnoid cysts and obstetric anesthesia: Two case reports

Two cases of patients in whom neuraxial anesthesia was planned for labor and delivery and who had a pre-existing intracranial arachnoid cyst are reported. Anesthesia was used in one patient and was uneventful. The pathophysiology of these cysts and factors which can precipitate the occurrence of symptoms, are reviewed and cases previously described in the literature are examined. Management should be individualized and based on evaluation of preexisting neurological symptoms. In most cases and although CT scan and MRI images may show an intracranial cyst with impressive development, patients remain asymptomatic and neuraxial regional anesthesia can be used safely, provided the patient has agreed and the neurologist in charge has been informed.     

Early postoperative MRI in detecting hematoma and dural compression after lumbar spinal decompression: prospective study of asymptomatic patients in comparison to patients requiring surgical revision

Early postoperative MRI after spinal surgery is difficult to interpret because of confounding postoperative mass effects and frequent occurrence of epidural hematomas. Purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate prevalence, extent and significance of hematoma in the first postoperative week in asymptomatic patients after decompression for lumbar stenosis and to determine the degree of clinically significant dura compression by comparing with the patients with postoperative symptoms. MRI was performed in 30 asymptomatic patients (47 levels) in the first week after lumbar spine decompression for degenerative stenosis. Eleven patients requiring surgical revision (16 levels) for symptomatic early postoperative hematoma were used for comparison. In both groups the cross-sectional area of the maximum dural compression (bony stenosis and dural sac expansion) was measured preoperatively and postoperatively by an experienced radiologist. Epidural hematoma was seen in 42.5% in asymptomatic patients (20/47 levels). The median area of postoperative hematoma at the operated level was 176 mm² in asymptomatic patients and 365 mm² in symptomatic patients. The median cross-sectional area of the dural sac at the operated level was 128.5 and 0 mm² in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, respectively, at the site of maximal compression. In the symptomatic group 75% of the patients had a maximal postoperative dural sac area of 58.5 mm² or less, whereas in the asymptomatic group 75% of patients with epidural hematoma had an area of 75 mm² or more. The size of hematoma and the degree of dural sac compression were significantly larger in patients with symptoms needing surgical revision. Dural sac area of less than 75 mm² in early postoperative MRI was found to be the threshold for clinical significance.     

布托啡诺术后静脉镇痛对血浆5-羟色胺、P物质和肾上腺素的影响

目的观察布托啡诺用于术后静脉自控镇痛对血清致痛物质5-羟色胺(5-HT)、P物质(PS)和肾上腺素(E)的影响。方法全麻手术患者30例随机均分为布托啡诺组(B组)、吗啡组(M组)和对照组(D组)。B组布托啡诺浓度0.006%,给药速率为0.0024 mg.kg-1.min-1,负荷剂量为0.005 mg/kg,每次有效按压给药0.003 mg/kg,锁定间隔时间10 min。M组吗啡浓度为0.025%,给药速率为0.005 mg.kg-1.min-1,负荷剂量为0.05 mg/kg,每次有效按压给药0.03 mg/kg,锁定间隔时间10 min。D组在患者需求时给予肌注吗啡10 mg。分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、术后12 h(T1)、24 h(T2)、36 h(T3)、48 h(T4)采集肘静脉血3 ml,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血清中5-HT、PS和E水平。结果B、M组T1~T4时5-HT、PS和E水平均低于D组(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺静脉自控镇痛能抑制术后血清致痛物质5-HT、PS和E水平的升高,在一定程度上减弱痛觉信息传递,减轻机体应激反应。     

地塞米松减轻全髋关节置换术后运动痛的疗效

目的观察静脉注射地塞米松在多模式镇痛中减轻全髋关节置换术（THA）后运动痛的疗效。方法选择腰-硬联合麻醉下行单侧THA并要求术后镇痛的患者60例,随机均分为三组,即术前用静脉泵10min内注射地塞米松20mg（A组）、地塞米松40mg（B组）和生理盐水10ml（C组）。结果 C组术后不同时点的静息VAS评分显著高于A、B组（P〈0.05）,镇静评分组间差异无统计学意义。C组术后24～48h运动VAS评分显著高于A、B组（P〈0.05）,B组术后40、48h运动VAS评分显著低于A组（P〈0.05）。C组术后24、36、48hC-反应蛋白（CRP）水平及吗啡用量显著高于A、B组（P〈0.05）。C组恶心、呕吐的发生率明显高于A、B组（P〈0.05）。结论 THA术前静脉注射地塞米松并辅以多模式镇痛效果良好,明显减少阿片类药物用量,不良反应少。